Skip to main content

Gestire un'attività retail significa destreggiarsi tra numerose variabili in continuo movimento: mantenere i livelli di stock sotto controllo, anticipare cosa vorranno i clienti e migliorare l'esperienza di acquisto nel tuo punto vendita. Gli strumenti di intelligenza artificiale per il retail ti aiutano a gestire queste pressioni offrendo previsioni più chiare, analisi più precise e modi più rapidi per rispondere alle esigenze quotidiane.

Dalla mia esperienza nel testare e recensire software, so come le capacità dell'IA possano trasformare la gestione delle attività retail. In questo elenco troverai una mia recensione imparziale e ben documentata delle migliori soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail. 

Ti guiderò tra le loro caratteristiche, funzionalità e vantaggi, così potrai prendere una decisione informata per il tuo team.

Perché Fidarti delle Nostre Recensioni sui Software

Riepilogo delle Migliori Soluzioni di Intelligenza Artificiale per il Retail

Questa tabella comparativa riassume i dettagli sui prezzi delle mie migliori selezioni di soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail per aiutarti a trovare quella più adatta alle tue esigenze e al tuo budget.

Recensioni delle Migliori Soluzioni di Intelligenza Artificiale per il Retail

Di seguito trovi i miei riepiloghi dettagliati delle migliori soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail che ho selezionato nella mia lista ristretta. Le mie recensioni offrono una panoramica approfondita delle caratteristiche principali, dei pro e contro, delle integrazioni e dei casi d’uso ideali di ciascun tool per aiutarti a trovare quello più adatto a te.

Best with AI agent trained on your knowledge base

  • 7-day free trial + free plan available
  • From $24.17/month (billed annually)
Visit Website
Rating: 4.7/5

Tidio brings AI-powered chat and automation to retail and ecommerce teams looking to improve customer engagement and support. The platform combines live chat, chatbots, and multichannel messaging in one place, helping businesses manage conversations and automate repetitive tasks. If you want to unify customer interactions and boost efficiency across your digital storefronts, Tidio offers a focused set of tools built for retail needs.

Who Is Tidio Best For?

Tidio is a strong choice for ecommerce and retail businesses that want to automate customer support and manage multichannel conversations from a single platform.

Why I Picked Tidio

What sets Tidio apart for retail ai solutions is its AI agent that you can train using your own knowledge base. I picked Tidio because it allows you to upload FAQs, help docs, and product information, so the AI agent can deliver accurate, brand-specific answers to customer questions. This feature helps retail teams provide instant, consistent support on topics like order status, returns, and product details. By leveraging your business’s unique knowledge, Tidio’s AI agent reduces repetitive inquiries and frees up your team for more complex tasks.

Tidio Key Features

Some other features in Tidio that support retail teams include:

  • Live chat widget: Connect with website visitors in real time and answer questions directly from your site.
  • Multichannel inbox: Manage conversations from email, Messenger, Instagram, and WhatsApp in a single dashboard.
  • AI-powered FAQ bot: Automatically responds to common customer questions using your business’s knowledge base.
  • Shopify and WooCommerce integrations: Sync customer data and automate workflows directly with leading ecommerce platforms.

Tidio Integrations

Integrations include Shopify, WooCommerce, Zendesk, Salesforce, HubSpot, Messenger, Instagram, WhatsApp, WordPress, and Adobe Commerce.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Pre-built templates for retail-specific workflows
  • Real-time visitor tracking for proactive engagement
  • No-code automation builder for customer journeys

Cons:

  • Chatbot customization options can feel restrictive
  • Some integrations require higher-tier plans

New Product Updates from Tidio

Tidio Expands Lyro AI Across Email and Chat
Tidio organizes tickets and conversations in one streamlined inbox view.
March 29 2026
Tidio Expands Lyro AI Across Email and Chat

Tidio expands Lyro AI to email ticketing and enhances its chatbot with Claude 3.0 integration. These updates improve automation across support channels and enhance AI-driven interactions. For more information, visit Tidio’s official site.

Best for integrated business solutions

  • Free demo available
  • Pricing upon request
Visit Website
Rating: 4.6/5

Oracle offers a suite of cloud applications and platform services designed for businesses of all sizes, focusing on integrated business solutions. Its AI capabilities enhance decision-making, automate tasks, and provide valuable insights to users.

Why I picked Oracle: Oracle provides integrated business solutions with its cloud platform. Its AI features include machine learning and decision automation, which help your team improve ecommerce and in-store processes. Oracle's focus on integration allows for data flow across various business functions. This integrated approach makes it ideal for businesses seeking end-to-end solutions.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include advanced data analytics, decision automation, and machine learning capabilities. These help you gain insights and make informed decisions quickly. The platform's scalability supports businesses as they grow and adapt.

Integrations include Salesforce, Microsoft Azure, AWS, Google Cloud, SAP, IBM, Workday, NetSuite, Slack, and Tableau.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Strong omnichannel support
  • Built-in AI for forecasting
  • Unified retail suite

Cons:

  • Complex setup and configuration
  • High cost compared to competitors

Best for cloud-based AI services

  • Free plan available + 30-day free trial
  • Pricing upon request
Visit Website
Rating: 4.3/5

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide range of services, including AI and machine learning tools, for businesses of all sizes. Its AI capabilities help users build, deploy, and manage intelligent applications across many industries.

Why I picked Microsoft Azure: Microsoft Azure offers cloud-based AI services that are scalable and versatile. Its AI tools include machine learning models and cognitive services, which support your team's ability to develop intelligent applications. The platform's flexibility allows you to tailor solutions to your specific business needs. Azure's focus on providing cloud services distinguishes it from other solutions.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include AI shopping assistants, campaign orchestrations, assortment optimization, and inventory optimization. These features can transform the shopper experience and drive supply chain agility. Azure's global network ensures reliable and fast service delivery.

Integrations include Microsoft 365, Copilot, OneLake, and Power BI.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Scalable cloud infrastructure
  • Flexible service offerings
  • Extensive AI toolset

Cons:

  • Requires technical expertise for setup
  • Complex pricing structure

Best for AI-assisted ERP setup

  • Free demo available
  • Pricing upon request
Visit Website
Rating: 4.1/5

Fulfil is an ERP platform built for direct to consumer brands that need tighter control over inventory, fulfillment, and financial operations. It connects sales channels, warehouses, and accounting into a single system, helping retail teams manage growth without relying on disconnected tools. As a retail AI solution, Fulfil uses AI assisted configuration and automation to reduce manual setup and support more accurate operational workflows.

Why I Picked Fulfil

I picked Fulfil because it combines retail specific ERP functionality with AI assisted setup that can reduce the complexity of implementation. If you run a Shopify or DTC brand, you can centralize inventory, order management, and accounting in one system instead of stitching together multiple platforms. I was especially interested in its prebuilt connections to hundreds of third party logistics providers, which can help you coordinate fulfillment more efficiently as you scale. For growing retail brands that need operational visibility across channels, Fulfil offers structured control without sacrificing flexibility.

Fulfil Key Features

In addition to its robust AI capabilities, Fulfil offers several features that cater to retail businesses:

  • Barcoding/Serial Tracking: This feature allows you to maintain accurate inventory records by tracking products through barcodes and serial numbers.
  • Order Management: Streamline your order processing with tools that manage orders from multiple channels in one place.
  • Real-Time Data: Access up-to-date information on inventory levels and sales to make informed decisions quickly.
  • Customer Relationship Management: Improve customer interactions with tools designed to track and manage customer data.

Fulfil Integrations

Fulfil integrates with over 400 third-party logistics providers, Shopify, and other essential retail platforms, ensuring a seamless connection between various aspects of your business operations. Additionally, an open API is available for custom integrations, allowing further customization to meet specific business needs.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Extensive 3PL integration network
  • Real time inventory visibility
  • AI assisted workflow configuration

Cons:

  • API customization requires technical expertise
  • Pricing not publicly disclosed

Best for customer relationship management

  • 30-day free trial + free plan available
  • From $25/user/month (billed annually)
Visit Website
Rating: 4.4/5

Salesforce is a cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM) platform designed for businesses of all sizes to manage customer interactions and data. Its AI capabilities assist users in personalizing customer interactions and automating sales processes.

Why I picked Salesforce: Salesforce is renowned for its customer relationship management tools, supported by generative AI features like Einstein Analytics. These tools help your team personalize customer experiences and predict sales trends. The platform's automation capabilities simplify routine tasks, freeing up your time. This specialization in CRM makes Salesforce a preferred choice for managing customer relationships.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include customizable dashboards, automated workflows, and detailed reporting tools. These features give your team the flexibility to adapt the platform to specific needs. Real-time data access ensures you can make informed decisions quickly.

Integrations include Slack, Mailchimp, HubSpot, Google Workspace, QuickBooks, Dropbox, DocuSign, LinkedIn, and Jira.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Effective sales process automation
  • Strong AI-driven analytics
  • Highly customizable CRM platform

Cons:

  • Requires ongoing maintenance and updates
  • Can be complex for new users

Best for large-scale AI deployment

  • Free trial available
  • Contact AWS for pricing

AWS is a cloud computing platform offering a wide range of services, including computing power, storage, and AI tools, for businesses of all sizes. For retail, it delivers cloud portfolio, analytics, and artificial intelligence technologies, decades of industry knowledge, and the largest partner ecosystem.

Why I picked AWS: Retail and consumer goods leaders use AWS's expertise for better customer experiences. AWS and Amazon provide a range of cloud, analytics, and AI capabilities, enabling industry players to maximize cloud potential. Additionally, AWS offers industry-leading security and reliability within the retail and consumer goods sectors.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include personalized product recommendations, optimized advertising and marketing campaigns, and personalized emails through GenAI.

Integrations are not publicly listed at this time. 

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Extensive range of cloud services
  • Reliable global network
  • Scalable infrastructure for growing businesses

Cons:

  • Requires technical expertise for setup
  • Complex pricing structure

Best for AI governance and hybrid cloud modernization

  • Free demo available
  • Pricing upon request

IBM offers a suite of AI-driven business tools designed for retail businesses looking to improve both online and in-store sales. Its AI capabilities include machine learning, natural language processing, and data analytics.

Why I picked IBM: IBM offers a suite of AI-driven business tools that identify automation opportunities, help increase omnichannel profitability, and improve sales. Its machine learning models help your team analyze data patterns and forecast outcomes. Natural language processing allows for improved customer interactions. These features make IBM a strong contender for businesses seeking AI technology solutions.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include advanced data analytics, machine learning models, and natural language processing. These are used to forecast customer behavior, assess risk management, and optimize financial performance throughout the planning and record-to-report processes.

Integrations are permitted through APIs over HTTPS for outbound calls and through IBM MQ and RESTful APIs for inbound calls.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Advanced AI for personalization and forecasting
  • Strong integration with ERPs and trading partners
  • Enterprise-grade order and fulfillment orchestration

Cons:

  • Steeper learning curve for AI and assistant tools
  • High implementation cost and complexity

Best for in-store monitoring and video analytics

  • Free demo available
  • Pricing upon request

Nvidia provides the GPU infrastructure and AI frameworks that retailers use to analyze store traffic, detect patterns, and improve both customer experience and operational efficiency. Its platforms support a wide range of retail use cases, from computer vision at checkout to inventory tracking, loss prevention, and workforce analytics.

Why I picked Nvidia: Nvidia stands out because its technology powers the most advanced forms of retail intelligence. Its AI frameworks enable video analytics that can identify foot traffic patterns, monitor shelf availability, detect suspicious behavior, and even measure shopper engagement with displays. Retailers can use Nvidia to process camera feeds in real time, giving them instant insights into queue lengths, store congestion, or inventory issues.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include smart-store capabilities such as automated checkout systems, planogram compliance checks, and in-store heatmaps that help merchandisers understand how customers move through retail spaces. Combined with its GPU-driven performance for model training and inference, Nvidia enables retailers to deploy faster, more accurate AI applications that improve operations and enhance the customer experience.

Integrations include  Microsoft Azure, AWS, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, SAP, Oracle, MATLAB, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Kubernetes.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • High-quality graphics rendering
  • Supports a wide range of AI-powered applications
  • Exceptional processing power for AI tasks

Cons:

  • Can have a steep learning curve
  • Requires specialized hardware

Best for enterprise resource planning

  • Free trial + free demo available
  • Pricing upon request

SAP offers enterprise resource planning (ERP) software that helps large organizations manage business operations and customer relations. Its AI capabilities provide predictive insights and help with pricing strategies.

Why I picked SAP: SAP offers enterprise resource planning with its suite of AI-driven tools. Its machine learning algorithms help your team automate repetitive tasks and improve decision-making. Predictive analytics provide valuable insights into business trends. This focus on ERP and AI integration distinguishes SAP from other AI solutions aimed at the retail industry.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include predictive analytics, process automation, and real-time reporting. It can help to automate inventory management and data synchronization with suppliers, ensure consistent pricing and promotions across all channels, and monitor store performance through dashboards and real-time insights.

Integrations include Microsoft Azure, AWS, Google Cloud, Salesforce, Oracle, IBM, Workday, Adobe, Slack, and Tableau.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Scalable for large enterprises
  • Strong predictive analytics offering
  • Advanced ERP capabilities

Cons:

  • Requires technical expertise for setup
  • Complex implementation process

Best for predictive analytics

  • Expert consultation available
  • Pricing upon request

C3 AI is an enterprise AI platform primarily used by large organizations for predictive analytics and decision-making. It offers AI-driven insights that help businesses anticipate market trends and optimize operations.

Why I picked C3 AI: C3 AI specializes in predictive analytics with its AI capabilities. Its features include real-time data processing and advanced forecasting models. These tools enable your team to predict future trends and make data-driven decisions. This focus on predictive analytics differentiates C3 AI from other retail AI solutions.

Standout Features & Integrations:

Features include real-time data processing, demand forecasting, and workflow automation. These help you optimize inventory and orchestrate the supply chain. The platform's ability to handle large data sets ensures accurate and timely insights.

Integrations include Microsoft Azure, AWS, Google Cloud, SAP, Oracle, Microsoft Power BI and Tableau, as well as machine learning and AI systems.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Supports real-time data management
  • Handles large data sets efficiently
  • Strong predictive analytics capabilities

Cons:

  • Requires technical expertise for full utilization
  • Complex setup process

Altre Soluzioni di Intelligenza Artificiale per il Retail

Ecco alcune ulteriori opzioni di soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail che non sono entrate nella mia lista ristretta, ma che vale comunque la pena considerare:

  1. EDITED

    For fashion retail insights

  2. Stackline

    For retail analytics

  3. Streamline

    For demand forecasting

  4. Toolio

    For inventory optimization

  5. Kimonix

    For personalized merchandising

  6. ForecastSmart

    For retail demand prediction

How I Evaluate Retail AI Solutions

I look for platforms where AI delivers measurable lift—tighter inventory turns, smarter markdowns, real-time personalization—not just a chatbot bolted onto a dashboard. I split my evaluation into the core functionality a tool must have to make this list and the differentiating factors that set one vendor apart from another.

Core Functionality (Table Stakes For This List)

When I'm selecting tools for my list, I rank each one on a scale from 0 (does not offer the functionality) to 5 (excels in this area) for each core functionality listed below. Then, I calculate the tool's total score into a percentage. Each tool needs to achieve a minimum total score of 65% to be considered for inclusion.

  • AI Demand Forecasting: I evaluate whether ML models forecast at the SKU and store level, factoring in signals like promotions, seasonality, and local events rather than just historical averages.
  • Personalization Engine: Real-time product recommendations and tailored offers should adapt across web, app, and in-store touchpoints based on actual customer behavior and purchase history.
  • Dynamic Pricing & Promotions: I look for algorithmic pricing that accounts for margin targets, competitor positioning, and elasticity—especially for markdown and end-of-season promo planning.
  • Computer Vision for Retail: Shelf compliance, out-of-stock detection, and loss prevention are common use cases here, so I check whether CV runs autonomously or still depends on heavy manual review.
  • Retail Data Unification: The platform should pull POS, e-commerce, CRM, and supply chain data into a shared retail data model that actually feeds the AI layer, not just sit in a separate dashboard.
  • Prescriptive Retail Analytics: I want to see recommendations tied to action—like flagging an underperforming category with a suggested assortment change—rather than just charts and trend lines.

Once I have a list of tools that meet the criteria, I consider what sets each platform apart.

Differentiating Factors (What Sets Vendors Apart)

Here's how I compare and contrast different vendors:

Standout Features

Scenario simulation is a big differentiator for me—I want to see how a platform models the margin impact of a markdown event or a supplier disruption before decisions get locked in. Autonomous replenishment also stands out, where AI moves past forecasting into triggering purchase orders and store transfers on its own. I check for competitive intelligence too, since real-time visibility into rival pricing and assortment gaps gives merchandising teams a concrete edge during peak planning cycles.

Beyond Features

Integration depth matters a lot here. I check whether a platform has prebuilt connectors to major POS, e-commerce, and ERP systems, since a retail AI tool that can't pull live transaction data from your existing stack delays every insight it promises. Time-to-value is another key factor—platforms with pretrained retail AI models get teams to usable outputs in weeks, not quarters. I also evaluate data privacy posture, especially PCI DSS compliance and transparent model explainability, which become essential once personalization engines start processing customer-level data at scale.

Come Scegliere le Soluzioni di Intelligenza Artificiale per il Retail

È facile perdersi tra lunghe liste di funzionalità e strutture di prezzo complesse. Per aiutarti a mantenere la concentrazione durante il tuo processo di selezione software, ecco una checklist dei fattori da considerare:

FattoreCosa Considerare
ScalabilitàLa soluzione può crescere insieme alla tua attività? Considera le esigenze future e se lo strumento è in grado di gestire un aumento di dati o utenti senza problemi di prestazioni.
IntegrazioniÈ compatibile con i tuoi strumenti attuali? Controlla la compatibilità con i sistemi in uso per evitare interruzioni nei flussi di lavoro.
PersonalizzazionePuo essere adattata alle tue esigenze? Cerca soluzioni che permettano di personalizzare dashboard, report e flussi di lavoro così che si adattino ai processi della tua azienda.
Facilità d'UsoL'interfaccia è intuitiva? Assicurati che il tuo team riesca a utilizzare facilmente lo strumento senza una formazione estesa. Un'esperienza utente semplice può aumentare il tasso di adozione.
Implementazione e OnboardingQuanto tempo occorre per la messa in opera? Valuta le risorse e il tempo necessari per iniziare. Cerca soluzioni con processi di onboarding chiari e supporto.
CostoRientra nel tuo budget? Confronta i piani tariffari ed eventuali costi nascosti. Assicurati che la soluzione offra un buon rapporto tra funzionalità e prezzo.
Garanzie di SicurezzaCome vengono protetti i tuoi dati? Cerca la crittografia, la conformità alle normative in materia di protezione dati e aggiornamenti di sicurezza regolari.
Disponibilità SupportoQuando è possibile ricevere assistenza? Valuta la reperibilità dell'assistenza clienti e se viene offerta nel tuo fuso orario. Un supporto rapido può aiutare a risolvere i problemi più rapidamente.

Cosa Sono le Soluzioni di Intelligenza Artificiale per il Retail?

Le soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail sono strumenti software che utilizzano l'intelligenza artificiale per aiutare i rivenditori a ottimizzare le operazioni, migliorare l'esperienza dei clienti e prendere decisioni basate sui dati. Questi strumenti sono comunemente utilizzati da responsabili di negozio, analisti dei dati e professionisti del marketing per aumentare l'efficienza e la redditività. 

Funzionalità come l'analisi predittiva, l'ottimizzazione dell'inventario e gli approfondimenti sul comportamento dei clienti aiutano nel processo decisionale e nell'efficienza operativa. Nel complesso, questi strumenti offrono ai rivenditori la capacità di adattarsi rapidamente ai cambiamenti del mercato e alle richieste dei clienti.

Funzionalità

Quando scegli soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail, assicurati di considerare le seguenti caratteristiche chiave:

  • Analisi predittiva: Utilizza dati storici per prevedere le tendenze future, aiutando i rivenditori a prendere decisioni informate.
  • Ottimizzazione dell'inventario: Garantisce che i livelli di scorte siano bilanciati per soddisfare la domanda senza generare eccedenze o esaurimenti.
  • Approfondimenti sul comportamento dei clienti: Analizza i dati dei clienti per fornire informazioni sui modelli di acquisto e sulle preferenze.
  • Automazione delle campagne di marketing: Rende più efficienti le campagne di marketing raggiungendo i clienti con offerte personalizzate.
  • Elaborazione dei dati in tempo reale: Fornisce informazioni aggiornate al minuto, permettendo rapide modifiche alle strategie.
  • Elaborazione del linguaggio naturale: Migliora le interazioni con i clienti grazie alla comprensione e risposta alle domande poste dai clienti.
  • Analisi avanzata dei dati: Offre approfondimenti dettagliati su vendite e metriche di performance per la pianificazione strategica.
  • Modelli di apprendimento automatico: Migliorano continuamente le previsioni e i suggerimenti sfruttando nuovi dati.
  • Dashboard personalizzabili: Permettono agli utenti di adattare la visualizzazione dei dati alle specifiche esigenze aziendali.
  • Capacità d'integrazione: Garantisce che la soluzione funzioni senza problemi con i sistemi e strumenti esistenti.

Vantaggi

Implementare soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail offre numerosi vantaggi per il tuo team e la tua attività. Ecco alcuni benefici che puoi aspettarti:

  • Migliore processo decisionale: Analisi predittiva e approfondimenti sui dati aiutano il tuo team a prendere decisioni consapevoli su inventario e marketing.
  • Esperienza cliente migliorata: Gli approfondimenti sul comportamento dei clienti permettono interazioni più personalizzate e un servizio migliore.
  • Maggiore efficienza: L'automazione di marketing e gestione dell'inventario fa risparmiare tempo e riduce le attività manuali.
  • Migliore previsione della domanda: I modelli di intelligenza artificiale prevedono le tendenze future, aiutando a prepararsi ai cambiamenti nella domanda dei clienti.
  • Risparmio sui costi: Ottimizzare i livelli di inventario riduce gli sprechi e minimizza i costi legati alle eccedenze.
  • Scalabilità: Le soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale crescono con la tua azienda, adattandosi all'aumento di dati e richieste degli utenti.
  • Tempi di risposta più rapidi: L'elaborazione dei dati in tempo reale assicura un rapido adattamento ai cambiamenti di mercato.

Costi e prezzi

La scelta di soluzioni di intelligenza artificiale per il retail richiede la comprensione dei diversi modelli e piani di prezzo disponibili. I costi variano in base alle funzionalità, dimensione del team, componenti aggiuntivi e altro ancora. La tabella seguente riassume i piani più comuni, i prezzi medi e le funzionalità tipiche incluse nelle soluzioni di AI per il retail:

Tabella di confronto dei piani per soluzioni di AI nel retail

Tipo di pianoPrezzo medioFunzionalità comuni
Piano gratuito$0Analisi di base, elaborazione dati limitata e informazioni basilari sui clienti.
Piano personal$10-$30/user/monthAnalisi avanzate, dashboard personalizzate e strumenti di automazione di base.
Piano business$50-$100/user/monthSuite completa di analisi, ottimizzazione dell'inventario e approfondimenti avanzati sui clienti.
Piano enterprise$150-$300/user/monthModelli AI personalizzati, elaborazione dati illimitata e servizi di supporto premium.

Domande frequenti sulle soluzioni AI per il retail

Ecco alcune risposte alle domande più comuni sulle soluzioni AI per il retail:

E ora?

Se stai cercando soluzioni AI per il retail, contatta un consulente SoftwareSelect per ricevere gratuitamente dei consigli personalizzati.

Compila un modulo e fai una breve chiacchierata in cui ti verranno richiesti i dettagli delle tue necessità. Poi riceverai una lista ristretta di software da valutare. Ti supporteranno anche durante tutto il processo di acquisto, comprese le negoziazioni di prezzo.